Too Much Anxiety and Worry Can Be Caused By Hormone Imbalance

Yes, a hormone imbalance can cause anxiety. In women in their 40s and 50s it is one of the most common causes of anxiety that seems to come from nowhere.

This page walks through each hormone, how to tell hormonal anxiety from an anxiety disorder (they can coexist), and what helps, in order of evidence.

Hormonal or a disorder?

Medically reviewed by Dr. Ashley Alexis, ND,
Updated

Six hormones, one alarm system

Pattern map
No single hormone causes anxiety; each of these leaves a different pattern of other symptoms, and that pattern, not the anxiety alone, is how you tell them apart.

In short

The swing

Estrogen and anxiety

Estrogen influences serotonin, GABA and the stress response, so the brain notices when it changes.

In perimenopause, estrogen can spike and fall within a single cycle. Many women feel the drops as sudden dread, a racing mind, or a sense that something is wrong. This often begins years before hot flashes, which is why it is so frequently missed. Women with a history of PMS, PMDD or postpartum mood changes are more likely to notice it.

Too much estrogen can cause anxiety too. That includes a hormone therapy dose that is higher than you need.

The calming half

Progesterone and anxiety

Progesterone is the calming half of the pair. When it falls, that calm is withdrawn.

One of its breakdown products acts on the same GABA receptors as anti-anxiety medications. That is why many women feel calmer and sleep better in the days after ovulation. Progesterone falls in the week before a period, and more erratically in perimenopause. Anxiety that reliably arrives before a period, then lifts, is the classic progesterone pattern.

The classic progesterone pattern

Illustrative pattern

Progesterone, illustrative

After ovulationOften calmerProgesterone rises; many women feel calmer and sleep better.
The week before a periodCalm withdrawnProgesterone falls; the calm is withdrawn.
This is illustrative, not a chart of your cycle: the thing to look for is anxiety that arrives before a period and then lifts.

The drawing runs from period start through ovulation to the next period: a progesterone curve rises after ovulation and falls in the week before a period.

Stress load

Cortisol and anxiety

Cortisol is the hormone of readiness. Short bursts are useful; a baseline that stays high keeps the alarm system switched on.

A baseline stays high because of ongoing stress, pain, poor sleep or too little food.

The signs:

Wired but tiredWaking at 3 a.m., mind racingSugar and salt cravingsWeight around the middle

In perimenopause, falling estrogen makes the stress response more reactive, so cortisol and estrogen problems often arrive together.

The look-alike

Thyroid and anxiety

An overactive thyroid is the hormone cause that most closely imitates an anxiety disorder.

Overactive (hyperthyroid)

  • Racing heart, sweating, tremor.
  • Insomnia, and weight loss despite eating.
  • A feeling of being revved up.

Underactive

  • More often causes low mood and fatigue.
  • Can include anxiety.

Both are common in midlife women, and both are easy to test for with TSH and free T4. That is why thyroid should be checked whenever anxiety is new.

Everyday inputs

Testosterone, blood sugar and the amplifiers

Blood sugar swings are a bigger factor than most people expect. Low testosterone makes everything harder to cope with.

Low testosterone

Doesn't cause anxiety directly, but the fatigue and flatness that come with it make everything harder to cope with.

Blood sugar swings

A high-sugar breakfast or a long gap without food can produce shakiness and anxiety that is entirely physical.

Caffeine on an empty stomach

Several coffees on an empty stomach can produce the same shakiness and anxiety.

Alcohol

Does the same the next day.

These are worth fixing first, because they amplify every other cause on this page.

Telling them apart

Is my anxiety hormonal or an anxiety disorder?

It can be both. Treating one without the other is why so many women feel only half better.

Hormonal anxiety tends to…

  • Arrive in a cycle: before a period, at a dose change, or alongside hot flashes and night sweats.
  • Be new, in your 40s, in someone who was never anxious before.
  • Travel with physical symptoms: a racing heart, heat, sweating, 3 a.m. waking.
  • Improve when the physical symptoms are treated.

An anxiety disorder tends to…

  • Be more constant.
  • Be more tied to specific worries.
  • Have been present, even quietly, for years.

Get help now

If anxiety is affecting your daily life, or you have thoughts of harming yourself, contact your doctor or a crisis line now.

Five steps

How to treat anxiety caused by hormones

Treat the cause and the symptom together. Here is what helps, in order of what has the strongest evidence.

  1. 1

    Protect sleep and steady the inputs.

    Regular meals, less alcohol, caffeine before noon only, and treating night sweats. These reduce the swings that every hormone then amplifies.

  2. 2

    Treat the anxiety itself.

    Cognitive behavioral therapy has the strongest evidence for anxiety, and it also helps hot flashes and sleep. See CBT for menopause. SSRIs and SNRIs are effective for anxiety and can reduce hot flashes; they are a reasonable choice when hormone therapy isn't.

  3. 3

    Test what's testable.

    Thyroid first. Hormone panels can help in perimenopause when the symptom pattern isn't clear, though a single estrogen reading is often misleading because the level changes day to day. Our guide to hormone tests explains when testing is useful.

  4. 4

    Hormone therapy, when the anxiety tracks with the swing.

    For women in perimenopause whose anxiety arrives with hot flashes, night sweats and poor sleep, hormone therapy can reduce the anxiety by steadying what is causing it. It is not a treatment for anxiety disorders on its own, and a dose that is too high can cause anxiety. Your prescriber will weigh it alongside the options above.

  5. 5

    Supplements, with care.

    Magnesium and L-theanine have modest evidence; most others sold for "hormonal anxiety" have little. They are optional. See supplements for perimenopause and menopause.

Next step

When to see someone

Book a visit if:

Golden Leaf's care team treats perimenopause and menopause by video in the states we serve. The first visit covers your symptoms, history and what you want to feel like again.

  1. Talk.

    A one-on-one video visit about your symptoms, your history and what you want to feel like again. Your first visit is $99, refunded if you cancel at least 24 hours ahead.

  2. Test.

    If your provider thinks it will help, a hormone blood panel adds lab results to what you’ve told them. Not everyone needs this step.

  3. Treat.

    If treatment is right for you, your plan can include hormone prescriptions, non-hormonal options, lifestyle changes and optional supplements. Then two to three follow-up visits with a doctor and text check-ins through HIPAA-compliant messaging, included in membership at $49 a month, which begins one month after your first visit. Prescriptions and labs are priced separately.

Questions

What women ask first.

Can a hormone imbalance cause anxiety?

Yes. Estrogen, progesterone, cortisol and thyroid hormones all act on the brain circuits that regulate fear and calm. When one of them is too high, too low, or changing quickly, anxiety is a common result, even in people who have never been anxious before.

What hormone causes anxiety?

There isn't one. The most common culprits in women are swinging estrogen and falling progesterone in perimenopause, high cortisol from chronic stress, and an overactive thyroid. Each has a different pattern of other symptoms, which is how you and your clinician tell them apart.

What are the symptoms of hormonal anxiety?

Anxiety that arrives in a pattern: a week before your period, around a dose change, in the early hours of the morning, or alongside hot flashes, night sweats, palpitations or a racing heart. Anxiety with no history of it, in your 40s, is a classic sign of perimenopause.

How do you treat anxiety caused by hormones?

Treat the cause and the symptom together. Steady the hormone swing where possible (sleep, blood sugar, and in perimenopause sometimes hormone therapy). Treat the anxiety itself with what has the strongest evidence: cognitive behavioral therapy and, when needed, an SSRI or SNRI. Supplements have modest evidence and are optional.

Does hormone replacement therapy help anxiety?

It can, when anxiety tracks with perimenopausal hormone swings or with hot flashes and poor sleep. It is not a treatment for anxiety disorders on its own, and a dose that is too high can itself cause anxiety. A prescriber will weigh it alongside non-hormonal options.

What supplements help with perimenopause anxiety?

Magnesium and L-theanine have modest evidence for anxiety; several others are sold for it with little evidence. None replaces fixing a hormone swing or treating an anxiety disorder. Our supplements guide lists what has evidence and what doesn't.

Sources: National Institute of Mental Health, Anxiety disorders; National Institute on Aging, What is menopause?; The Menopause Society; MedlinePlus, Hyperthyroidism.

This is general information, not medical advice. Talk with your provider about your health and treatment options.

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